CystitisCall inflammation of the bladder.In most cases, this inflammation is caused by bacterial infection and a type of urinary tract infection (IMVP).The infection of the bladder can be very painful and tired, and can also lead to more serious problems if it goes into the kidneys gradually.
In rare cases, cystitis may be a reaction to some drugs, radiotherapy or other stimuli: sprays for female hygiene, sperm gel or long -term use of urinary catheter.Cystitis may also be a complication of another disease.
Normally, bacterial cystitis requires antibiotic prescription.Treatment of other types of cystitis depends on their causes.
Symptoms and signs of cystitis
Symptoms of cystitis include:
Mandatory (suddenly and very strong) urged to urinate
Urinate
Burn while urinating
Regular urination, small urine
Blood in urine (blood)
Urine and/or muddy urine with unpleasant smell
Uncomfortable in the pelvic area
Pressure pressure in the lower abdomen
Subfebrile body temperature (from 37 to 38 degrees)
In young children, the sudden occurrence of the daily enoldesis (mini -autonomous) may also be a sign of the urinary tract infection (IMVP).
When to see a doctor
Search for medical assistance immediately if you have specific symptoms of kidney infection, especially:
Back pain or side
Fever and chills
Nausea and vomiting
Regularly, urinating pain, lasting more than a few hours
Blood in urine.
It is especially important to consult a doctor if this is not the first episode of cystitis.
If you have just completed the treatment process and symptoms, please consult your doctor immediately.
If your child has an enarres during the day, call your pediatrician
Causes and risk factors of cystitis
Human urine system includes two kidneys, two ureter, bladder and urethra (urethra).
The main function of the urinary system is to remove slag from the body.Dialysis kidney, release primary urine and then secondary urine;Secondary urine flows through the ureter into the bladder and accumulates there for a few hours, then the bladder is filled, that person feels urinating, and pouring the bladder through the urethra.
Bacterial cystitis
Urine infections often occur when bacteria from outside penetrate the urinary tract through the urethra and begin to multiply there.Normally, cystitis is caused by E. coli bacteria.
Cystitis can occur in women as a complication of sex, especially this happens after the first sex in a woman's life.But even girls and women who do not act for sex are prone to lower urinary tract infections, because genital women are often overloaded bacteria causing cystitis.
Non -infected cystitis
Nebakterialnym cistitam includes:
Interstitial cystitis.The cause of this chronic inflammation of the bladder, also known as the syndrome of the painful bladder, is still unclear.Often found in women.This disease may be difficult to identify and heal.
Cystitis.Some drugs, chemotherapy can cause cystitis, because they accumulate in the bladder and stimulate the walls.
Radioactive cystitis.The treatment of radiation of the pelvic area can cause inflammatory changes in the tissues of the bladder.
Inflammation caused by a foreign body.The use of urinary catheter can increase the risk of bacterial infection and tissue damage;Both factors can cause cystitis.
Chemical cystitis.Some people may increase the sensitivity of chemicals in the tank, female hygiene sprays, sperm gel and other substances.Local chemical stimulation, or allergic inflammation - causes typical symptoms of cystitis.
Cystitis is caused by other factors.Sometimes cystitis can occur as a complication of other diseases, such as diabetes, kidney stones, prostate hypertrophy or spinal cord injury.
Risk factors
Some people are more likely to have a recurrent urinary tract infection than others.First of all, the risk factor is the female floor - a short urethra that makes women more vulnerable than the disease.
Among the women, who: AI:
Sexual activity.Sex can lead to protalkivaniyu bacteria in the urethra.
Use some contraceptive vehicles.Women use diaphragm and other membranes impregnated with sperm gel are more likely to have cystitis.
Pregnant.Hormonal changes during pregnancy may increase the risk of cystitis.
Located in menopause.Hormone has changed in women during menopause, usually Provociruyut IMVP.
Other risk factors for cystitis in men and women include:
Urinary obstacles.It can be caused by a stone in the bladder or prostate expansion (in men).
Change in the immune system.They occur in diseases such as diabetes, HIV infection and cancer chemotherapy.Inhibiting the immune system increases the risk of bacteria and, in some cases, viral cystitis.
Long -term use of urinary catheter.The elderly and people with some diseases may need a long -term catheter.This often leads to increased holes before bacterial infection, as well as direct damage to the tissues of the bladder.
In men, there is no influence - cystitis is very rare.
Complications of cystitis
With quick and proper treatment, cystitis rarely leads to complications.However, with the wrong treatment, cystitis can cause more serious diseases.
The complications of cystitis include, first of all, pyelonephritis (infectious nephritis).Infections caused by inflamed bladder may fall into the kidneys, so it can cause pyelonephritis and even irreversible damage to kidney tissue (kidney disease).
Children early and the elderly have the highest risk of kidney damage due to bladder infection, because the IMVP symptoms are often overlooked, or are confused by doctors about the symptoms of other diseases.
Prepare for the doctor's visit
If you or your child, there are typical symptoms of cystitis, you should see a doctor.First, you should be tested by a pediatrician, a therapist or a general doctor, and then, if he thinks it is necessary, you will be transferred to the urinary doctor or kidney doctor.In the prediction of the reception time, you can make a list will decrease and optimize the time contact with your doctor:
Write down your symptoms, including those who do not seem to be related to cystitis
Make a list of all drugs, vitamins or food additives that you accept
Write down the questions you want to ask your doctor
For example, you can ask the doctor:
What is most likely my illness?
What additional exam do I need to go through?
In your opinion, what factors have contributed to the development of cystitis?
What kind of treatment do you propose?
If this course does not bring relief, you will advise me next?
What side effects can be expected from the treatment process as prescribed?
What is the risk that this problem will be repeated?
What can I do to reduce the risk of recurrence?
Do I need advice from a narrow expert, a urinary doctor or a kidney doctor?
Please ask questions that arise with you in a conversation with your doctor.
Your doctor may ask you some questions, for example:
When did you notice these symptoms for the first time?
Have you been treated for urinary tract infections earlier?
How hard you have?
How are you wet?
After urinating, how long does it last?
Do you have lower back pain?
Do you have a high temperature?
Did you notice the release of the vagina or blood in the urine?
Do you have sexual activity?
Do you use cream to prevent pregnancy?That?
You are not pregnant?
Do you take medication, biological supplements or vitamins?Do you have any chronic disease?
Have you ever used a catheter?
Diagnosis of cystitis
In addition to asking questions about symptoms and your physical examination, your doctor may propose certain tests and tests, such as:
General urine analysisThe test is used as skriningovy, and as a diagnosis.In this analysis, IMVP can be discussed in leukemia, red blood cells and nitrite.
Analysis of urine for sterile.If the bladder is suspected of infection, the doctor may prescribe a sterile urine analysis, which will show the bacteria in the urine and their quantity.
Blood test in generalThis analysis shows that the changes of nonsense inflammation in white blood cells and can indirectly indicate the presence and severity of the urinary tract (IMVP).
Bladder endoscopy.In this study, the doctor introduced a bladder lens - a thin tube with a backlight and a video camera, through the urethra into the bladder, and checked it from the inside to study the structural defects and signs of inflammation.
When using the bladder, the doctor can also take a small fabric (biopsy) from a suspicious place to analyze in the laboratory.However, bladder endoscopy is not shown for all patients with cystitis, but only patients with recurrent cystitis or Nebakterialnym.
Visualisiruyushie method.These research methods are also required by not all patients, but only for those who cannot find the cause of IMVP recurrence in other ways.For example, an overview of the abdominal X -ray or ultrasound of the peritoneal space, which can identify the structural anomalies of the bladder, ureter and kidney.In some cases, a contrast is performed before X -ray, increasing (cytology) or decreasing (intravenous urea urogram).
Treatment of cystitis
Inflammation caused by bacterial infections is usually treated with antibiotics.The treatment of non -infections is depending on its cause.
Treatment of bacterial cystitis
The first antibiotic is drugs that work against intestinal bars, or bacteria found in urine during sowing.
The main infection.Symptoms are often significantly improved in the first days of treatment, but your doctor may insist on continuing treatment for three to seven days, depending on the severity of your infection.
Repeated infections.If you have a recurrent IMVP, your doctor may recommend antibiotic treatment longer or guide you to a doctor who specializes in the treatment of urinary tract infections (urinary doctor or kidney doctor) to determine the cause of recurrence.For some women with Cistitami recurrence, a single dose of antibiotics after each sex can be helpful.
Hospital infection.The hospital's hospital infection may be extremely difficult to treat, because bacteria that cause them are often resistant to the main antibiotic used to treat extracellular infections of the bladder.Therefore, the doctor may prescribe some antibiotics at the same time.
Treatment of interstitial cystitis
The reason for the development of interstitial cystitis is still uncertain, so there is no global treatment suitable for all patients at the same time.The doctor may try the following treatments:
Preparation is used by oral, or directly used into the bladder.
Local procedures reduce symptoms, such as bladder extension, filling water or gas.
The stimulation of nerves with mild (physical) electrical pulses to reduce pain in the pelvis, and, in some cases, reduce frequency of urination
Treatment of other non -infections
First of all, it is necessary to eliminate the cause of non -infection cystitis: basket, sperm cream, etc.
Treatment of cystitis, developing as a complication of chemotherapy or radiation, focusing on pain inhibition (often using painkillers) and washing to reduce contact with irritants in the bladder.
Lifestyle and home remedies
Inflammation byst may be very painful, but there are simple home methods to create favorable conditions for this discomfort:
Use heating pads.Placing the heating pad in the lower abdomen, this will significantly reduce pain and severity in the pelvis.
Do not allow dehydration.Drink lots of liquids.Avoid coffee, alcohol, non -alcoholic beverages containing caffeine, citrus juice;Like spicy foods - until the symptoms of cystitis are settled.These substances can cause bladder irritation and aggravate the frequency and intensity of urination.
Bathing is less sedentary.Subure in hot water in hot water for 15-20 minutes, this will significantly reduce pain and discomfort.
With recurrent IMVP, discuss your personal optimal tactics about therapeutic and symptomatic treatment with your doctor.
Prevention of cystitis
Cranberries or tablets containing Pro -Aantocyanidine are often recommended to reduce the risk of recurrent infections of some women's bladder.However, recent studies show that these methods are not as effective as previously thought.
You can still try to drink cranberry juice daily, but remember that it cannot be combined with Warfarin, as this combination can lead to bleeding.
The following simple rules may be helpful for preventing cystitis:
Drink lots of liquids, especially water.This is especially important if you have chemotherapy or radiation.
Warm more often.If you feel urinated, don't postpone your toilet.
After defecation, wipe the groin ahead.This prevents bacteria from the anus in the vagina and the urethra.
Take a shower, do not bathe.If you tend to relapse IMVP, if you refuse to take a shower, and you will take a bath, because the water standing in the bath can help penetrate the infection into the urethra.
Gently wash the skin around the vagina and anus.Do this daily, but do not use soap that causes uncomfortable, and does not make energy efforts.On subtle skin around these areas, stimulating easily occurs.
The bladder is as soon as possible after sex.Drink a glass of water to go to the toilet soon.
Avoid the use of deodorant and Aerosol, as well as other female cosmetics on the genital area.These substances can cause urethra and bladder irritation.